What is it?

Mutations in the BRCA gene increase the risk for breast and ovarian cancer. The mutations are inherited. There are two important genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 which play an important role in the cell cycle, keeping it from dividing uncontrollably. When mutations occur in these genes, there is an increased incidence of several types of cancers, depending on the gene.
Women who inherit the BRCA1 mutation will have 55-72% chance of developing breast cancer, about 40% of developing ovarian cancer. BRCA2 mutation carriers are at risk of 45-70% for developing breast cancer and 11-17% for developing ovarian cancer. There are other types of cancers which may develop such as pancreatic cancer, prostate and fallopian tubes. It is important to note that the risk for breast cancer is increased in male carriers as well. These mutations are more common in the Ashkenazi jewish descent. The diagnosis is made with a blood test after having a genetic counseling. It is recommended for people with personal or family history. After getting a positive result, screening for cancer starts at an early age with MRI in addition to mammography and some will go through risk-reducing surgeries such as mastectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.