What is it?

Osteopenia means a lower than normal bone density. The amount of mineral in the bones is measured by bone mineral density- and it estimates the chance of breaking a bone from normal activity. Osteopenia increases the chance of developing osteoporosis. Ageing is the primary cause for osteopenia, and in women, it is more common after menopause due to low estrogen levels. Other risk factors may include lack of calcium or vitamin D, smoking, alcohol or caffeine drinking, not getting enough exercise, removal of the ovaries before menopause, eating disorders, Cushing’s syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism and a family history of low BMD.