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Multiple Myeloma (MM)
Multiple Myeloma (MM)
by Alike Medical Team ∙ Updated on June 13, 2023
Additional names
This group contains additional names: - Plasma Cell Leukemia
General
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of white blood cells, called plasma cells. Plasma cells belong to the immune system and are usually found in the lymphatic system. These cells produce proteins called antibodies, which help attack infections. In multiple myeloma, there is rapid and abnormal formation of plasma cells, which fill the bone marrow and interfere with the formation of normal blood cells. Additionally, the cancerous plasma cells produce a large amount of abnormal antibodies, which are ineffective against infections and can aggregate and damage tissues and organs (especially the kidneys). Plasma cells also tend to accumulate in the bones and cause lesions that make the bones fragile. Destruction of the bones can cause dangerous electrolyte disturbances. Over production (proliferation) of plasma cell does not immediately cause multiple myeloma. Earlier stages include diseases called *MGUS* (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance) and *smoldering myeloma*, which are a-symptomatic conditions that do not necessarily require treatment, but can precede the onset of multiple myeloma.
193 people with Multiple Myeloma (MM)
Learn from others who are experiencing Multiple Myeloma (MM).
Signs & symptoms
Early stages of multiple myeloma may be a-symptomatic. As the disease progresses, signs and symptoms may occur, including bone pain (especially lower back pain), weakness, frequent infections, pallor, constipation, frequent urination, excessive thirst, muscle weakness or numbness in the legs or feet.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis process of multiple myeloma begins with a doctor's examination. Next, the following tests and procedures may be used: *- blood tests*, including blood count, blood chemistry studies, and tests that look for abnormal proteins produced by myeloma cells. *- urine test*, done as a single sample or a twenty-four-hour urine colleting test. *- Bone marrow test*, in which a sample of bone marrow is taken using a needle inserted into the hipbone or another bone. *- Tests to identify the type of the overproduced antibodies*, called protein electrophoresis and Immunofixation. * - Imaging tests*, such as CT or PET-CT.
Treatment
There are different types of treatment for patients with multiple myeloma, some designed to slow the progression of the disease and some are used to improve symptoms and prevent complications. *Treatment to slow the progression of the disease* may include: *- Chemotherapy* - treatment that kills quickly growing cells. *- Targeted therapy* - treatment that target cancer cells specifically. *- Immunotherapy* - treatment that activate the immune system to fight cancer cells. *- Radiation therapy* - treatment that uses high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells. *- Bone marrow transplant* - treatment in which healthy marrow from a donor is transplanted and create new healthy blood cells instead of the cancerous cells. *Treatment to ease symptoms or prevent complications* may address the following issues: - Relief in bone pain can be achieved using pain medications or local radiation. Future fractures can be prevented by taking bone-strengthening medications called Bisphosphonates. - Relief in weakness, usually caused by anemia, can be achieved using drugs that increase the red blood cell production. - Frequent infections can be partially prevented by getting vaccinated against flu and pneumonia.
Note
☝ We provide information on prescription and over-the-counter medicines, diagnosis, procedures and lab tests. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
National Institutes of Health ∙ World Health Organization ∙ MedlinePluse ∙ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
☝ All information has been reviewed by certified physicians from Alike
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I had 38 radiation treatments- craniotomy which was a lot due to **plasmacytoma** ! I have not started immunotherapy drugs yet. Not in remission yet but really doing surprisingly well.
Exploring Multiple Myeloma Journey and Coping Strategies
There is currently a study with a test happening to learn about genetics and MM. It's called "The Promise Study" and it's for those with a first degree relative with **multiple myeloma** or another blood cancer. Here's the link for more information: https://www.enroll.promisestudy.org
If you are worried there is a study with testing so you can learn if you have MM. It is happening right now for "People of Any Race Who Have a Parent, Sibling, or Child with: **Multiple myeloma** or another blood cancer." My next comment has the link to this.
@Yigal - Not everyone's **myeloma** is the same so suggest it's best to ask your specialist their opinion. If more than one choice is given please share those with us all for the opinions.
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