Understanding Congenital Anomalies of Urinary System: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

What is it?

Congenital anomalies of the urinary system are abnormalities of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra that is present at birth. Representative examples include renal hypoplasia, renal agenesis, accessory kidney, absence of ureter, atresia of bladder neck, and atresia of urethra.

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Additional names

This group contains additional names:
- Congenital Urethral and Bladder Neck Stenosis and Atresia
- Congenital Obstruction of Ureterovesical Junction
- Congenital hydroureter
- Dilatation of ureter
- Congenital megaureter
- Ureteral Anomalies
- Accessory ureter
- Congenital polyp of ureter
- Congenital convoluted ureter
- Congenital absence of ureter
- Congenital ureteric valves
- Double ureter
- Bladder Exstrophy
- Kidney Anomalies
- Horseshoe kidney
- Discoid kidney
- Bifid kidney
- Cake kidney
- Double kidney
- Fusion of kidneys
- Congenital Obstruction of Ureteropelvic Junction
- Renal Agenesis and Dysgenesis
- Congenital hypoplasia of kidney
- Oligohydramnios sequence
- Potter syndrome
- Anomalies of Urachus
- Patent urachus
- Fistula of urachus
- Congenital Ureterocele
- Simple ureterocele
- Obstructive Defect of Renal Pelvis and Ureter
- Obstructive Defects of Renal Pelvis and Ureter
- Congenital atresia of ureter
- Congenital hydrocalicosis
- Congenital hydronephrosis
- Pyelectasia

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms of congenital anomalies of the urinary system may include ureter dilation, back pain, flank pain, vomiting, nausea, blood in the urine, urinary tract infection and kidney stones, abdominal mass, and poor growth in infants. Other symptoms may include problems in the baby’s lungs, genitals, urinary tracts, stomach, intestines, heart, muscles, bones, eyes and ears. High blood pressure, protein in urine or blood, edema of the legs, face and hands

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the urinary system sometimes start even by prenatal US. After birth, renal bladder US, renal scans, MRI and CT may help diagnose the defects. Blood samples may be taken to test blood urea nitrogen and creatinine test the kidney function.

Treatment

Treatment of congenital anomalies of the urinary system depends on the specific anomaly but it may include a special diet, salt intake restriction, staying hydrated, blood pressure control and avoiding medications such as NSAIDS. Dialysis and surgical procedures may also be required.

☝️ This is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult with your physician before making any medical decision.

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Source of Information - We analyze big data of more than 23 million patients de-identified medical records from the following sources:

National Institution of Health ∙ World Health Organization ∙ University of Illinois hospital