Understanding Congenital Anomalies of Genital Organs: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

What is it?

Congenital anomalies of the female genital tract are developmental issues that form in the embryo. These formations can occur in the vagina, ovaries, uterus, or cervix.

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Additional names

This group contains additional names:
- Agenesis of Uterus
- Unicornuate Uterus
- Embryonic Cyst of Fallopian Tubes and Broad Ligaments
- Epispadias
- Undescended Testis
- Micropenis
- Retractile Testis
- Hypospadias
- Hidden Penis
- Indeterminate Sex and Pseudohermaphroditism
- Anomaly of Cervix, Vagina and External Female Genitalia
- Anomalies of Fallopian Tubes and Broad Ligaments
- Scrotal Transposition
- Arcuate Uterus
- Doubling of Uterus
- Hypoplasia of Uterus
- Congenital Chordee

Signs & symptoms

Congenital anomalies of the female genital tract may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. Common symptoms may include:
- Inability to empty the bladder
- Lack of breast development
- Menstrual flow that occurs despite the use of a tampon
- Repeated preterm birth, or miscarriages
- Monthly cramping or pain without menstruation
- Pain with intercourse

Diagnosis

Congenital anomaly of the genital tract diagnosed by a complete medical history and physical examination. Other diagnostic procedures may include:
- Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)- An HSG is an X-ray procedure typically used to assess fertility.
- 3D Ultrasound- This imaging technique provides a three-dimensional picture which is helpful for this diagnosis.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- An MRI is a diagnostic procedure that utilizes a large magnet, radio frequencies, and a computer to reflect images of structures and organs of the body.

Treatment

Congenital uterine abnormalities are usually treated through surgical procedures. The following surgical techniques may be used:
- Laparoscopy: Operative laparoscopy involves using a thin, lighted tube inserted through a small incision in the abdomen. This procedure is minimally invasive.
- Hysteroscopy: Operative hysteroscopy is a less invasive surgical procedure used to remove polyps, tumors, or abnormalities through cauterizing (demolition of tissue by electric current, heat, freezing, or chemicals).

☝️ This is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult with your physician before making any medical decision.

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Source of Information - We analyze big data of more than 23 million patients de-identified medical records from the following sources:

National Institution of Health ∙ World Health Organization ∙ University of Illinois hospital