Carcinoma in situ of Prostate
What is it?
Prostate carcinoma in situ is (CIS) is the earliest stage of cancer of the prostate. In this early stage, the abnormal cells are found only in the outermost layer and have not yet invaded the deeper layers of the prostate. From this stage, the disease can progress to invasive carcinoma, if left untreated and invade organs such as the seminal vesicles, the rectum and travel to distant organs through blood or lymph. Risk factors include age, smoking, prostatitis, exposure to certain chemicals, genetics and family history.
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Carcinoma in situ of Prostate.
Additional names
This group contains additional names:
- Cancer in situ of prostate
- Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia low grade
- Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia high grade
Signs & symptoms
Symptoms of prostate CIS may inlcude urinary frequency, urgency, difficulty starting and maintaining a steady stream, pain while urinatin and hematuria, which is the presence of blood in urine.
Diagnosis
Prostate CIS is diagnosed with digital rectal examination, cystoscopy and tranrectal ultrasonography. Final diagnosis is made by biopsies of the abnormal areas. There is a tumor marker that is relevant for prostate cancer called PSA that can be looked for in blood tests.
Treatment
Treament of prostate CIS depends on the age and overall health of the patients. These tumors tend to grow slowly, and sometimes an expectant management is chosen. In other cases, surgery, radiation therapy or hormonal therapy are treatment options.
☝️ This is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult with your physician before making any medical decision.
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