Understanding Agenesis, hypoplasia, and dysplasia of lung: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

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Agenesis, hypoplasia, and dysplasia of lung

by Alike Medical Team ∙ Updated on June 13, 2023

General

Abnormal lung development varies from mild pulmonary hypoplasia and agenesis of a lobe or a whole lung. Pulmonary hypoplasia means that the lungs are abnormally small, and do not contain enough lung tissue so that the baby is able to breathe on his or her own. Agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly that refers to a total absence of lung tissue, blood vessels, and bronchi. Pulmonary agenesis may be linked to other malformations including urogenital, cardiac, gastrointestinal and cardiac defects. It could be part of the VACTREL sequence and Goldenhar syndrome. Pulmonary hypoplasia may be secondary to oligohydramnios, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, heart defects, lung cysts and more.

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Signs & symptoms

Diagnosis may be done during pregnancy, if seen on an ultrasound examination. If this condition is suspected, a fetal echocardiogram and a fetal MRI may be done. After birth the condition is suspected in babies with decreased breathing sounds and displacement of the mediastinum. Further evaluation may include echocardiogram, and chest imaging.

Diagnosis

Symptoms include shortness of breath,lack of appetite and poor weight gain.

Treatment

Treatment for agenesis is mainly supportive. For hypoplasia, depending on the underlying cause, treatment may include fetal surgery.

Note

☝ We provide information on prescription and over-the-counter medicines, diagnosis, procedures and lab tests. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

National Institutes of Health ∙ World Health Organization ∙ MedlinePluse ∙ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

☝ All information has been reviewed by certified physicians from Alike

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